Cardiovascular diseases remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and there is growing interest in herbal formulations as complementary cardioprotective agents. The present work describes the formulation and quality-control evaluation protocol of a polyherbal cardiotonic syrup in which Emblica officinalis (Amla) is the focus ingredient, combined with Terminalia arjuna (Arjuna), Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha), Boerhavia diffusa (Punarnava) and Allium sativum (Garlic). The herbal materials were authenticated, pulverised and extracted by aqueous decoction (volume reduced to one-fourth), filtered, and blended with a simple syrup base (66.7% w/w). Methyl and propyl paraben (0.02% w/v each) served as preservatives and glycerin/sorbitol (3.0% v/v) as humectant. The finished syrup was packed in amber glass bottles. Evaluation comprised organoleptic and physicochemical parameters (pH 5.2-6.5, viscosity, specific gravity 1.15-1.30 g/mL), HPTLC fingerprinting with arjunolic acid and ascorbic acid as markers, FTIR compatibility analysis, acute oral toxicity according to OECD guideline 423, and accelerated stability testing at 40 °C ± 2 °C / 75% ± 5% RH for 3 to 6 months. The formulation is designed to be stable, palatable and free from cap-locking, and the proposed protocol provides a reproducible standard operating procedure for quality assurance of the syrup.

The therapeutic efficacy of existing antimicrobial agents is severely challenged by the global rise of multidrug-resistant pathogens. Azomethine derivatives (Schiff bases) represent a crucial class of pharmacophores with extensive biological applicability. In this study, a series of novel substituted azomethine analogs (AZ-1 to AZ-6) were computationally evaluated through molecular docking against bacterial DNA Gyrase (PDB ID: 1KZN) alongside comprehensive pharmacokinetic (ADMET) profiling using SwissADME parameters. Molecular docking simulations demonstrated strong binding affinities ranging from -6.9 to -8.4 kcal/mol. Notably, electron-withdrawing substituents—specifically the 3,4-dichloro derivative (AZ-4, -8.4 kcal/mol) and the 4-nitro derivative (AZ-2, -8.1 kcal/mol)—exhibited superior active site interactions compared to electron-donating analogs. Pharmacokinetic screening verified zero violations of Lipinski's Rule of Five across all molecules, confirming high gastrointestinal absorption and excellent drug-likeness profiles. These findings provide a compelling rationalization for utilizing substituted azomethine scaffolds in targeted antibacterial drug development.[1]

Diabetes mellitus represents a significant health challenge in India and worldwide, and its treatment traditionally involves combining synthetic and herbal drugs, which, along with diet and lifestyle modifications, can maximize therapy efficiency. Notably, while complementary medicines can potentially augment diabetes care, the first-line treatment for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) remains metformin, a synthetic medication. This article aims to highlight the rationale for the clinical use of metformin and the circumstances under which it should not be prescribed. Herbal medicine has garnered considerable interest for its beneficial effects in T2DM management, primarily due to their traditional use, relative safety, and efficacy. This review provides preclinical and clinical evidence for the anti-diabetic potential of several commonly used medicinal plants, including Neem (Azadirachta indica), Turmeric (Curcuma longa), Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum), Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia), Jamun (Syzygium cumini), and Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller). These plants are involved in reducing blood glucose levels via multiple mechanisms, namely, enhancing insulin secretion and sensitivity, inhibiting carbohydrate-digesting enzymes, and protecting pancreatic ?-cells from damage. Moreover, this review describes the ethnobotanical applications of these plants, their phytochemistry, dosage, and recent clinical advances. The article also discusses the adjunctive use of these herbal medicines in combination with metformin to maximize therapeutic benefits for patients with DM.

Instead of depending only on end-product testing, Quality by Design (QbD) is a methodical, science-based approach that stresses integrating quality into pharmaceutical processes. This idea, known as Analytical Quality by Design (AQbD) in analytical method development, aims to improve method comprehension, robustness, and reliability. Trial-and-error-based traditional analytical methods frequently result in inconsistency and variability. AQbD, on the other hand, uses an organized framework that includes defining the Analytical Target Profile (ATP), identifying Critical Quality Attributes (CQAs), and assessing Critical Method Parameters (CMPs). Design of Experiments (DoE) and risk assessment tools are used to optimize method conditions and create aa Method Operable Design Region (MODR), guaranteeing reliable performance. AQbD is frequently used in methods like impurity profiling, dissolution testing, UV spectroscopy, and HPLC. Additionally, it complies with regulations set forth by agencies such as the US Food and Drug Administration and the International Council for Harmonization. All things considered, AQbD offers a reliable and effective method for creating superior analytical techniques with increased adaptability and decreased failure risk.