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Groundwater quality assessment plays a critical role in ensuring the sustainability of water resources, particularly in arid regions like the Bikaner district of Rajasthan. This study focuses on the analysis of groundwater quality from 18 villages, examining a comprehensive range of parameters to evaluate its suitability for drinking and agricultural purposes. The parameters analyzed include major cations (Ca²?, Mg²?, Na?, K?), anions (Cl?, SO?²?, NO??, F?, CO?²?, HCO??), heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb, U, Zn, As), along with key indicators such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), and total hardness (TH). The results revealed substantial spatial variation in water quality, with several locations exceeding permissible limits for TDS, TH, and heavy metals as per established standards. Elevated levels of TDS and TH were particularly evident in villages like Lachhasar and Jaitasar, potentially indicating the influence of geological formations and anthropogenic activities. Similarly, heavy metal concentrations, including Cr, Mn, Pb, and U, were found to surpass safe thresholds in some areas, raising concerns over potential health risks. The pH values across the study sites ranged from slightly acidic to mildly alkaline, while EC values indicated variations in salinity levels, further reflecting water quality disparities. This study underscores the critical need for regular groundwater monitoring and the implementation of sustainable management practices to mitigate contamination risks and ensure the availability of safe water resources. The findings not only provide a detailed understanding of groundwater quality in the Bikaner district but also emphasize the urgency of integrating scientific research with policy measures to safeguard water security in arid regions.

L-asparaginase is a chemical agent that stimulus mostly the asparagine esterification in L-aspartic acid and ammonium. This enzyme is dispense in different organisms, such as microorganisms, vegetal, and some animals, including definite rodent's serum, but not reveal in humans. It can be used as important anti–metabolite agent for the treatment of a variegation of lymphoproliferative disorders and lymphomas (particularly acute lymphoblastic leukemia and Hodgkin's lymphoma), and has been a pivotal agent in chemotherapy agreement from around 30 years. Also, other important appeal is in food industry, by using the properties of this chemical agent to reduce acrylamide levels in sales fried foods, continue their characteristics (color, flavor, texture, security, etc.) Actually, L-asparaginase catalyzes the decarboxylation of L-asparagine, not allowing the reaction of reducing sugars with this aminoacid for the creation of acrylamide. ptresently, production of L-asparaginase is mainly based in biotechnological manufacture by using some bacteria. yet, industrial production also needs research work aiming to obtain better manufacture yields, as well as novel process by applying varying microorganisms to increase the range of appeal of the produced enzyme. Within this context, this mini-review accord L-asparaginase applications, production by different microorganisms and some limitations, current investigations, as well as some challenges to be achieved for successful industrial manufacture.

Drug delivery via nanoparticles offers a viable way to improve treatment efficacy. This method improves solubility, sustained release, and cellular uptake by utilizing the special qualities of nanoparticles to deliver drugs precisely and precisely. Additionally, it permits combination therapy and safeguards delicate medications. This technology is used to treat chronic ailments, neurological conditions, infectious diseases, and cancer. Nanoparticle medication delivery is at the forefront of medical innovation, bringing hope for more patient-friendly and effective treatments across a variety of medical sectors due to its ability to reduce side effects and improve treatment outcomes.

Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) is a plant with various nutritional and medicinal properties. It contains vitamins, carotenoids, polyphenols, fatty acids, and phytosterols, which have antioxidant, anticancer, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, dermatological, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective effects. Sea buckthorn can be used as a functional food or a dietary supplement for the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. This review summarizes the phytochemistry, health benefits, and food applications of sea buckthorn, and highlights the potential and challenges for its further development and utilization. Sea buckthorn not only has great medicinal and therapeutic potential, but also is a promising economic plant. The potential of sea buckthorn in the human food industry has attracted the research interest of researchers and producers. The present review mainly summarizes the phytochemistry, nutrients, health benefits, and food applications of sea buckthorn. Overall, sea buckthorn is a dietary source of bioactive ingredients with the potential to be developed into functional foods or dietary supplements for the prevention and treatment of certain chronic diseases, which deserves further research.

This study focuses on the fabrication & evaluation of Beta-Cyclodextrin loaded Glimepride nano particles aimed at enhancing the drugs solubility &bio- availability. To obtain a desirable therapeutic response, the correct amount of the drug should be transported and delivered to the site of action. Hesperidin (Hsd), a bioactive phytomedicine, experienced an antidiabetic activity versus both Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes mellitus. However, its intrinsic poor solubility and bioavailability is a key challenging obstacle reflecting its oral delivery. From such perspective, the purpose of the current study was to prepare and evaluate Hsd-loaded sulfobutylether-?-cyclodextrin/chitosan nanoparticles (Hsd/CD/CS NPs) for improving the hypoglycemic activity of the orally administered Hsd. Hsd was first complexed with sulfobutylether-?-cyclodextrin (SBE-?-CD) and the complex (CX) was found to be formed with percent complexation efficiency and percent process efficiency of 50.53 ± 1.46 and 84.52 ± 3.16%, respectively. Also, solid state characterization of the complex ensured the inclusion of Hsd inside the cavity of SBE-?-CD. Then, Hsd/CD/CS NPs were prepared using the ionic gelation technique. The prepared NPs were fully characterized to select the most promising one (F1) with a homogenous particle size of 455.7 ± 9.04 nm, a positive zeta potential of + 32.28 ± 1.12 mV, and an entrapment efficiency of 77.46 ± 0.39%. The optimal formula (F1) was subjected to further investigation of in vitro release, ex vivo intestinal permeation, stability, cytotoxicity, and in vivo hypoglycemic activity. The results of the release and permeation studies of F1 manifested a modulated pattern between Hsd and CX. The preferential stability of F1 was observed at 4 ± 1 °C. Also, the biocompatibility of F1 with oral epithelial cell line (OEC) was retained up to a concentration of 100 ?g/mL. After oral administration of F1, a noteworthy synergistic hypoglycemic effect was recorded with decreased blood glucose level until the end of the experiment. In conclusion, Hsd/CD/CS NPs could be regarded as a hopeful oral delivery system of Hsd with enhanced antidiabetic activity.

The mahaleb cherry (Prunus mahaleb L.), a fragrant shrub belonging to the Rosaceae family, has long been cultivated for its valuable essential oil and seeds. Known for their significant therapeutic and nutritional properties, the plant is primarily grown in Mediterranean regions but is also found across North Africa, Central Asia, and parts of Southern Europe. The cherry has been traditionally recognized for its wide array of health-promoting effects, which include antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, gastroprotective, neuroprotective, and diabetic management properties. Due to these beneficial effects, Prunus mahaleb holds great promise for applications in both natural medicine and modern pharmacology. This comprehensive review draws on data collected from a variety of reputable online databases, including Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, Research Gate, Elsevier, Med, and Web of Science. In addition to these online resources, data from the library of the pharmacognosy department were also examined to provide a deeper understanding of the plant's photochemical constituents, pharmacognosy, and pharmacological activities. The gathered information was meticulously analyzed and verified to ensure authenticity. The goal of this review is to uncover the full potential of Prunus mahaleb for therapeutic use, particularly in the areas of medicinal nutrition, pharmaceutical industries, and future research on its bioactive compounds.

The present research is about formulation and evaluation of Sonidegib loaded poly ethyl methacrylate nanoparticles (PEM-NPs) to improve its resistance towards pH and chemical conditions in exposed cancerous lesions. Based on design of experiment three batches F1, F2 and F3 Sonidegib loaded PEM-NPs prepared and characterized for Zeta potential (ZP), particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI) SEM, FTIR and PXRD studies. The PS of Sonidegib PEM NPs ranges between 191.5 ± 42.9 nm to 355 ± 39.7 nm. The particle size of the drug loaded NPs are considerably higher than unadorned nanoparticles. From in vitro release data a noteworthy improvement is observed in drug release of F3 when compared to pure Sonidegib. An improvement in drug release was observed in formulation F3 (95.878 %) than pure drug (2.86%) in in-vitro release studies. In-vivo pharmacokinetic studies were done to optimize Sonidegib PEM nanoparticles on rats, shown that C-max of the nanoparticles (98.43±4.21ng/ml) was significant (p